A new power model structure is proposed in order to assess the power consumption of traditional base stations, their extensions, and alternative architectures such as large-scale
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This chapter aims a providing a survey on the Base Stations functions and architectures, their energy consumption at component level, their possible improvements and the major problems
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Measurements show the existence of a direct relationship between base station traffic load and power consumption. According to this relationship, we develop a linear power consumption
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To further explore the energy-saving potential of 5 G base stations, this paper proposes an energy-saving operation model for 5 G base stations that incorporates communication caching
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The real data in terms of the power consumption and traffic load have been obtained from continuous measurements performed on a fully operated base station site. Measurements show the existence of a direct relationship between base station traffic load and power consumption.
The largest energy consumer in the BS is the power amplifier, which has a share of around 65% of the total energy consumption . Of the other base station elements, significant energy consumers are: air conditioning (17.5%), digital signal processing (10%) and AC/DC conversion elements (7.5%) .
So when the inter-cell distance is too large, it is necessary to increase the distance between cells, thus reducing the power consumption of the base station. In the actual network, in order to reduce the energy loss caused by frequent switching, the following two methods can usually be used: increase the distance between cells.
Base stations represent the main contributor to the energy consumption of a mobile cellular network. Since traffic load in mobile networks significantly varies during a working or weekend day, it is important to quantify the influence of these variations on the base station power consumption.
The impact of the Base Stations comes from the combination of the power consumption of the equipment itself (up to 1500 Watts for a nowadays macro base station) multiplied by the number of deployed sites in a commercial network (e.g. more than 12000 in UK for a single operator).
Parameters used for the evaluations with this cellular base station power model. The 5G NR standard has been designed based on the knowledge of the typical traffic activity in radio networks as well as the need to support sleep states in radio network equipment.
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