Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to dispose massive spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles (EVs), yet the environmental f
In an era where lithium-ion dominates headlines, communication base station lead-acid batteries still power 68% of global telecom towers. But how long can this 150-year-old technology
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Mar 10, 2022 · Abstract Determining battery lifetime used in cellular base stations is crucial for mobile operators to maintain availability and quality of service as well as to optimize
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In the communication power supply field, base station interruptions may occur due to sudden natural disasters or unstable power supplies. This work studies the optimization of battery resource configurations to cope with
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Jul 19, 2024 · We conduct a case study demonstrating different usage scenarios of the proposed models utilizing the OpenStudio Application and the OpenStudio Analysis Framework (OSAF).
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Dec 7, 2023 · In the communication power supply field, base station interruptions may occur due to sudden natural disasters or unstable power supplies. This work studies the optimization of
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In today''s 5G era, the energy efficiency (EE) of cellular base stations is crucial for sustainable communication. Recognizing this, Mobile Network Operators are actively prioritizing EE for
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Jun 5, 2025 · Abstract Although lead–acid batteries (LABs) often act as a reference system to environmentally assess existing and emerging storage technologies, no study on the
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In the past, communication base station backup energy storage was mainly lead-acid batteries, but they pollute the environment, are large in size, and have low energy density, and cannot
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Abstract Although lead–acid batteries (LABs) often act as a reference system to environmentally assess existing and emerging storage technologies, no study on the environmental impact of
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May 1, 2020 · Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to dispose massive spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles (EVs), yet
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E-mail: [email protected] Received 3rd March 2025 , Accepted 15th May 2025 Although lead–acid batteries (LABs) often act as a reference system to environmentally assess existing and emerging storage technologies, no study on the environmental impact of LABs based on primary data from Europe or North America since 2010 could be found.
From an LCA point of view, while the LAB is potentially the better environmental choice for a data centre (with few charge/discharge cycles), an LFP battery should be used in applications with many charge/discharge cycles, like in an HSS. This indicates that batteries always need to be investigated and compared on an application-specific basis.
Among the potential applications of repurposed EV LIBs, the use of these batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) isone of the most promising candidates owing to the large-scale onsite energy storage demand ( Heymans et al., 2014; Sathre et al., 2015 ).
This work fills a research gap by providing a full LCA of an industrial LAB, serving as a reference battery technology in many studies.
The findings of this study indicate a potential dilemma; more raw metals are depleted during the secondary use of LIBs in CBSs than in the LAB scenario. On the one hand, the secondary use of LIBsreduces the MDP value by extending the service life of the batteries, although more metal resources are consumed during the repurposing activities.
In conclusion, from a purely environmental point of view, the LAB should be preferentially used in the application case data centre (or similar applications with comparable load profiles), while the LFP battery is preferred in the case of HSS.
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